For many retinal diseases, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), glaucoma,
and diabetic retinopathy (DR), the exact pathogenesis is still unclear. Moreover, the currently …

The cellular mechanisms underlying hereditary photoreceptor degeneration are still poorly
understood, a problem that is exacerbated by the enormous genetic heterogeneity of this …

Color vision is essential for an animal's survival. It starts in the retina, where signals from
different photoreceptor types are locally compared by neural circuits. Mice, like most …

For efficient coding, sensory systems need to adapt to the distribution of signals to which
they are exposed. In vision, natural scenes above and below the horizon differ in the …

Inherited retinal degeneration (RD) is a devastating and currently untreatable
neurodegenerative condition that leads to loss of photoreceptor cells and blindness. The …

Summary In the mammalian retina, 10–12 different cone bipolar cell (BC) types decompose
the photoreceptor signal into parallel channels [1–8], providing the basis for the functional …

Visual neuroscientists require accurate control of visual stimulation. However, few stimulator
solutions simultaneously offer high spatio-temporal resolution and free control over the …

The mammalian retina is the most unique tissue among those that display robust
circadian/diurnal oscillations. The retina is not only a light sensing tissue that relays light …

Several studies have shown the importance of calcium channels in the development and/or
maturation of synapses. The CaV1. 4 (α1F) knockout mouse is a unique model to study the …

Image processing begins in the retina, where neurons respond with graded voltage changes
that must be converted into spikes. This conversion from 'analog'to 'digital'coding is a …