The urogenital tract is a complex environment composed of many different types of epithelial
tissues and innate immune cells that sample the surrounding milieu. As a host-adapted …

Airway epithelial cells play a major role in initiating inflammation in response to bacterial
pathogens. S. aureus is an important pathogen associated with activation of diverse types of …

The significance of microbiology and immunology with regard to caries and periodontal
disease gained substantial clinical or research consideration in the mid 1960's. This …

The innate immunity plays a critical role in host protection against pathogens and it relies
amongst others on pattern recognition receptors such as the Toll‐like receptors (TLRs) and …

The beneficial effects of nonpathogenic bacteria are increasingly being recognized. We
reported in a placebo-controlled study with atopic dermatitis (AD) patients that cutaneous …

Etiology, transmission and protection: Neisseria gonorrhoeae (the gonococcus) is the
etiological agent for the strictly human sexually transmitted disease gonorrhea. Infections …

The hygiene hypothesis has been popularized as an explanation for the rapid increase in
allergic disease observed over the past 50 years. Subsequent epidemiological studies have …

Background Asthmatic patients have higher microbiome diversity and an altered
composition, with more Proteobacteria and less Bacteroidetes compared with healthy …

Gonorrhea occurs at high incidence throughout the world and significantly impacts
reproductive health and the spread of human immunodeficiency virus. Current control …

TLR2 plays a key role in the initiation of the cellular innate immune responses by a wide
range of bacterial products. TLRs signaling, including TLR2 and its coreceptors TLR1 and …