Introduction: The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathway has a pivotal role
in tumor suppression and yet, paradoxically, in tumor promotion. Functional context …

Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is an important growth inhibitor of epithelial cells,
and insensitivity to this cytokine results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and can contribute to …

Abstract Transforming Growth Factor-β (TGF-β) plays crucial and complex roles in liver and
gastrointestinal cancers. These include a multitude of distinct functions, such as maintaining …

Primary liver cancer is one of the leading causes for cancer-related death worldwide.
Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) is a pleiotropic cytokine that signals through …

Hepatocarcinogenesis is a complex multistep biological process involving genetic and
epigenetic alterations that are accompanied by activation of oncoproteins and inactivation of …

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major public health problem due to increased
incidence, late diagnosis and limited treatment options. TGF-β is known to provide cytostatic …

Transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) is a secreted growth and differentiation factor that
influences vital cellular processes like proliferation, adhesion, motility, and apoptosis …

Transactivation response DNA‐binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP‐43) is a major constituent of
cytoplasmic aggregates in neuronal and glial cells in cases of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis …

Chemoresistance is a main reason for treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal
carcinoma, but the exact regulatory mechanism underlying chemoresistance in …

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a central regulator in chronic liver disease,
contributing to all stages of disease progression from initial liver injury through inflammation …