The nervous system poses a grand challenge for integration with modern electronics and
the subsequent advances in neurobiology, neuroprosthetics, and therapy which would …

Over the past 10 years, the development and convergence of microbial opsin engineering,
modular genetic methods for cell-type targeting and optical strategies for guiding light …

Neural circuitry is typically modulated via invasive brain implants and tethered optical fibres
in restrained animals. Here we show that wide-field illumination in the second near-infrared …

In the mammalian nervous system, billions of neurons connected by quadrillions of
synapses exchange electrical, chemical and mechanical signals. Disruptions to this network …

Bidirectional interfacing with the nervous system enables neuroscience research, diagnosis,
and therapy. This two-way communication allows us to monitor the state of the brain and its …

Inherited retinal dystrophies and late-stage age-related macular degeneration, for which
treatments remain limited, are among the most prevalent causes of legal blindness. Retinal …

Recent advances in technology are expected to increase our current understanding of
neuroscience. Nanotechnology and nanomaterials can alter and control neural functionality …

The second near-infrared window (NIR-II window), which ranges from 1000 to 1700 nm in
wavelength, exhibits distinctive advantages of reduced light scattering and thus deep …

Neural activities can be modulated by leveraging light-responsive nanomaterials as
interfaces for exerting photothermal, photoelectrochemical or photocapacitive effects on …

Advances in the design and synthesis of nanomaterials with desired biophysicochemical
properties can be harnessed to develop non‐invasive neuromodulation technologies. Here …