Many animals use the interaural time differences (ITDs) to locate the source of low frequency
sounds. The place coding theory proposed by Jeffress has long been a dominant model to …

Spatial hearing, and more specifically the ability to localize sounds in space, is one of the
most studied and best understood aspects of hearing. Because there is no coding of …

Organic neuromorphic electronics are inspired by a biological nervous system. Bio-inspired
computing mimics learning and memory in a brain (ie, the central nervous system), and bio …

The brain propagates neuronal signals accurately and rapidly. Nevertheless, whether and
how a pool of cortical neurons transmits an undistorted message to a target remains unclear …

At most synapses in the brain, short-term plasticity dynamically modulates synaptic strength.
Rapid frequency-dependent changes in synaptic strength have key roles in sensory …

Feedforward inhibition sharpens the precision of neurons throughout ascending auditory
pathways, including the binaural neurons of the medial superior olive (MSO). However, the …

The brainstem's lateral superior olive (LSO) is thought to be crucial for localizing high-
frequency sounds by coding interaural sound level differences (ILD). Its neurons weigh …

Neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) enable sound localization by their remarkable
sensitivity to submillisecond interaural time differences (ITDs). Each MSO neuron has its …

Key points The proteoglycan brevican is a major component of the extracellular matrix of
perineuronal nets and is highly enriched in the perisynaptic space suggesting a role for …

Synaptic transmission via chemical synapses is dynamic, ie, the strength of postsynaptic
responses may change considerably in response to repeated synaptic activation. Synaptic …