The literature on concrete creep and shrinkage is vast and scattered over many media. A
host of books have already been devoted to this subject. Some are valuable compilations of …

In the present work, important aspects of time-dependent nonlinear 3D finite element (FE)
models for deep tunnel advance by the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM) …

A comprehensive experimental program on the mechanical, hygral and thermal behavior of
a modern wet mix shotcrete is presented. The present part I deals with the evolution of the …

The shotcrete stiffness varies over time in the hardening period, which complexes the
interaction between support structures and rheological rock. This study presents an …

The deformation and damage of wet shotcrete under geostress in deep mines is a common
issue. To better understand the damage characteristics of rock deformation rates on wet …

Shotcrete shells constitute an essential part of modern tunnel construction according to the
New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM). Immediately after excavation of a tunnel segment …

Part II of the study of a wet mix shotcrete focuses on creep and shrinkage as well as on the
thermal and hygral behavior. It deals with the time-dependent mechanical behavior due …

For high stress levels, the dependence of the creep strain rate of concrete on the acting
stress is nonlinear. Furthermore, very high stress levels may lead to a critical growth of …

The material behavior of concrete is highly nonlinear and time-dependent. In particular, the
evolution of deformation due to creep is crucially dependent on the acting stress and the …

A new experimental program, focusing on the evolution of the Young's modulus, uniaxial
compressive strength, shrinkage and creep of shotcrete is presented. The laboratory tests …