In plants, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed during normal conditions are essential
in regulating several processes, like stomatal physiology, pathogen immunity and …

Abiotic stresses (such as metals/metalloids, salinity, ozone, UV-B radiation, extreme
temperatures, and drought) are among the most challenging threats to agricultural system …

Plant hormones play a vital role in promoting growth, development and metabolism of the
plant, as well as act as a protector against various environmental stresses. In particular …

In plants, salicylic acid (SA) is a hormone that mediates a plant's defense against pathogens.
SA also takes an active role in a plant's response to various abiotic stresses, including …

Nutrients are essential for optimal growth and development of plants. Nutrient availability
and composition in the soil varies largely from region to region. The deficiency of essential …

The development of the plant root system is highly plastic, which allows the plant to adapt to
various environmental stresses. Salt stress inhibits root elongation by reducing the size of …

Water deficit caused by drought is a significant threat to crop growth and production. Nitric
oxide (NO), a water-and lipid-soluble free radical, plays an important role in cytoprotection …

Nitric oxide (NO) is a free radical molecule involved in an array of functions under
physiological and adverse environmental conditions. As other free radical molecules, NO …

Photosynthesis, pathogen infection, and plant defense are three important biological
processes that have been investigated separately for decades. Photosynthesis generates …

Various data indicate that nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous signal in plants that mediates
responses to several stimuli. Experimental evidence in support of such signalling roles for …