This article reviews retail change in Europe over the past 20 years. The sociocultural context
of retailing in Europe is briefly discussed before macro level changes in the relative scale of …

Purpose–The purpose of this paper is to consider the development of research in
international retailing over the last 20 years and propose a future research agenda within a …

International market withdrawals by firms continue to persist regardless of geography,
industry, firm experience, and national origin. The extant literature argues that a host of …

Foreign divestment research has focused on identifying divestment drivers but has only
rarely investigated the long-term divestment behavior of companies. This study uses …

This paper offers a fresh approach to the literature examining the effect of
internationalization on retail-firm performance. We draw on the organizational learning …

This article contributes to the small but growing geographic literature on the
internationalization of retailing by exploring the strategic localization of transnational …

Most of us think we know something about retailing: we shop, we buy, we consume. But
retailing, perhaps more than any other economic sector, has been transformed …

We adopt a Penrosean perspective to study the effect of rapid international expansion on the
subsequent divestment of international operations. We draw on regional strategy theory and …

Foreign divestment (FD) has become an integral aspect of global strategy, yet it remains a
neglected area among the international business and business strategy academies. It is …

Purpose–This paper aims to compare the accepted techniques of location analysis in the
food sector with the realities of “real world” forecasting in convenience store (c‐store) …