Theory predicts that costly sexual traits should be reduced when individuals are in poor
condition (ie traits should exhibit condition‐dependent expression). It is therefore widely …

Despite serving the primary objective of ensuring that at least one sperm cell reaches and
fertilises an ovum, the male ejaculate (ie spermatozoa and seminal fluid) is a …

Maternal stress can prenatally influence offspring phenotypes and there are an increasing
number of ecological studies that are bringing to bear biomedical findings to natural …

Environmental factors influencing parents or offspring during embryogenesis can have
knock-on effects at later life stages of the offspring. These effects may prepare the progeny …

Background Although in all sexually reproducing organisms an individual has a mother and
a father, non-genetic inheritance has been predominantly studied in mothers. Paternal …

Mate choice in most organisms is not random, but determined by a suite of interacting traits
and environmental factors. While the selective pressures underlying differences in mate …

Ejaculates can be costly to produce and depend on an individual's condition, defined as the
pool of resources allocated to fitness. A method for assessing condition dependence is to …

While the importance of maternal effects has long been appreciated, a growing body of
evidence now points to the paternal environment having an important influence on offspring …

The sperm pre-fertilization environment has recently been suggested to mediate remarkable
transgenerational consequences for offspring phenotype (transgenerational plasticity, TGB) …

Motility is a key in spermatozoon function, determining semen quality and fertilizing capacity.
Motility in fish spermatozoa occurs when they are diluted in a swimming solution, the …