Maritime market relies on demand of international commodity trade from producers to
consumers. Focusing on measuring the inherent correlation, this paper employs a GARCH …

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper, to utilise a novel dynamic factor model to
investigate the economic relationships between 65 commodity (including oil, energy, metal …

We examine for the existence of threshold relationships in the commodity price–charter rate
nexus. Using the first lag of the commodity price change as the threshold variable, we find …

The fast-paced and ever changing freight market compels maritime executives to use sound
forecasting tools. This paper aims to enhance the forecasting accuracy of the Baltic Dry …

Reliable freight rate forecasts are essential to stimulate ocean transportation and ensure
stakeholder benefits in a highly volatile shipping market. However, compared to traditional …

Abstract The Baltic Dry Index (BDI) is a unique gauge for measuring the marine
transportation of major dry bulk shipments. Increased sea freight is a precursor to the …

It is widely accepted that the highly volatile Panamax market has many peculiarities; for
example, Panamax vessels transport the major and the minor dry bulk cargoes worldwide. In …

We investigate and quantify the relationship between agricultural commodities and ocean-
going freight rates, using a weekly dataset from 2010 to 2019 and a Vector Error Correction …

The international dry bulk shipping market is a complex and changeable shipping market,
which is affected by the world's external economic and trade environment. It is difficult for the …

Rate volatilities in seaborne freight markets lead charterers and ship owners to use financial
agreements such as Forward Freight Agreements (FFA) for fixing freight rates in advance …