Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), long used to treat heart failure, are endogenously produced in
mammals. Among them are the hydrophilic cardenolide ouabain and the more hydrophobic …

Cardiac glycosides, the cardiotonic steroids such as digitalis have been in use as heart
ailment remedy since ages. They manipulate the renin-angiotensin axis to improve cardiac …

Evidence is presented which supports the conclusion that the hormetic dose–response
model is the most common and fundamental in the biological and biomedical sciences …

Cardiac glycosides have been used for decades to treat congestive heart failure. The recent
identification of cardiotonic steroids such as ouabain, digoxin, marinobufagenin, and …

The paper provides an account of how the hormetic dose response has emerged in recent
years as a serious dose-response model in toxicology and risk assessment after decades of …

The introduction of pre-storage leukoreduction in the preparation of standard RBCs intended
for transfusion provided significant improvement in the quality of labile products and their …

Na/K-ATPase maintains transmembrane ionic gradients and acts as a signal transducer
when bound to endogenous cardiotonic steroids. At subnanomolar concentrations, ouabain …

Na+, K+-ATPase is the only known receptor of cardiotonic steroids (CTS) whose interaction
with catalytic α-subunits leads to inhibition of this enzyme. As predicted, CTS affect …

With an exception of few reports, the plasma concentration of ouabain and marinobufagenin,
mostly studied cardiotonic steroids (CTS) assessed by immunoassay techniques, is less …

Cardiotonic steroids (CTS), used by certain insects, toads, and rats for protection from
predators, became, thanks to Withering's trailblazing 1785 monograph, the mainstay of heart …