The past decade has seen intriguing reports and heated debates concerning the chemically-
driven enhanced motion of objects ranging from small molecules to millimetre-size synthetic …

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) are miniaturized machines that can convert many kinds of energy
into mechanical motion. Over the past decades, a variety of driving mechanisms have been …

Enzyme-powered micro-and nanomotors make use of biocatalysis to self-propel in aqueous
media and hold immense promise for active and targeted drug delivery. Most (if not all) of …

Nature has designed multifaceted cellular structures to support life. Cells contain a vast
array of enzymes that collectively perform essential tasks by harnessing energy from …

Molecular agitation more rapid than thermal Brownian motion is reported for cellular
environments, motor proteins, synthetic molecular motors, enzymes, and common chemical …

Many enzymes appear to diffuse faster in the presence of substrate and to drift either up or
down a concentration gradient of their substrate. Observations of these phenomena, termed …

Based on recent findings indicating that metabolism might be governed by a limit on the rate
at which cells can dissipate Gibbs energy, in this Perspective, we propose a new …

Theoretical and experimental observations that catalysis enhances the diffusion of enzymes
have generated exciting implications about nanoscale energy flow, molecular chemotaxis …

Micrometer-sized objects are widely known to exhibit chemically driven motility in systems
away from equilibrium. Experimental observation of reaction-induced motility or …

Micro/nanomotors (MNMs) have evolved from single self-propelled entities to versatile
systems capable of performing one or multiple biomedical tasks. When single MNMs self …