Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important signaling molecules in cancer. The level of
ROS will determine physiological effects. While high levels of ROS can cause damage to …

Among all cells, fibroblasts could be considered the cockroaches of the human body. They
survive severe stress that is usually lethal to all other cells, and they are the only normal cell …

Fibroblasts regulate the structure and function of healthy tissues, participate transiently in
tissue repair after acute inflammation, and assume an aberrant stimulatory role during …

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) were originally presumed to represent a
homogeneous population uniformly driving tumorigenesis, united by their morphology and …

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is essential for immune escape by tumor cells. It plays
essential roles in tumor development and metastasis. The clinical outcomes of tumors are …

The tumour microenvironment (TME) shapes disease progression and influences
therapeutic response. Most aggressive solid tumours have high levels of myeloid cell …

Abstract Two-dimensional (2D) cell cultures growing on plastic do not recapitulate the three
dimensional (3D) architecture and complexity of human tumors. More representative models …

Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are a subpopulation of cells that reside within the
tumor microenvironment and promotes the transformation process by encouraging tumor …

Purpose: The major obstacle in the management of advanced prostate cancer is the
occurrence of resistance to endocrine therapy. Although the androgen receptor (AR) has …

Simple Summary Normal epithelial cells in our organs are surrounded by stroma, which is
an ecosystem made up of a variety of cells and proteins that support their intended functions …