October 2015 and October 2019 and is written in continuation of previous reviews. 1, 2 In
exceptional cases, older references were cited. Data were electronically searched in …

Plasmonic sensors are ideally suited for the design of small, integrated, and portable
devices that can be employed in situ for the detection of analytes relevant to environmental …

Fiber optic sensors based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) have demonstrated
outstanding performance in biomedical, environmental monitoring, public safety, and other …

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) receive extensive interest, owing to their structure
predictability, recognition specificity, and application universality as well as robustness …

Optofluidic, as an emerging technology that combines photons and microfluidics, has
become a powerful, intelligent, and universal sensing platform in the field of bio‐chemical …

Mercury is a highly toxic and highly mobile heavy metal. It has been regarded as more toxic
than other nonessential and toxic nonradioactive heavy metals. Moreover, it has a high …

Fiber-optic (FO) surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors can be used as label-free and
highly sensitive tools for biosensing. They have been widely applied in fields of …

Core-shell gold nanorods (AuNRs) with Raman reporter sandwiched was prepared as the
Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) tags for detecting biomarkers in human sweat …

Mercury related compounds are released in massive and alarming amounts due to
increased human activities such as the processing of hydrocarbons in the petroleum …

Heavy metal ions, one of the major pollutants in the environment, exhibit non-degradable
and bio-chain accumulation characteristics, seriously damage the environment, and …