Proteins adopt different higher-order structures (HOS) to enable their unique biological
functions. Understanding the complexities of protein higher-order structures and dynamics …

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) mass spectrometry (MS) has become a key technique
for monitoring structural and dynamic aspects of proteins in solution. This approach relies on …

Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies are much more complex than small-molecule
drugs, which raises challenging questions for the development and regulatory evaluation of …

The phenomenon of ion mobility (IM), the movement/transport of charged particles under the
influence of an electric field, was first observed in the early 20th Century and harnessed later …

The function, efficacy, and safety of protein biopharmaceuticals are tied to their three-
dimensional structure. The analysis and verification of this higher-order structure are critical …

Mass spectrometry (MS) is increasingly being used to probe the structure and dynamics of
proteins and the complexes they form with other macromolecules. There are now several …

Introduction: Hydrogen deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a powerful
methodology to study protein dynamics, protein folding, protein-protein interactions, and …

Functional regulation of ligand-activated receptors is driven by alterations in the
conformational dynamics of the protein upon ligand binding. Differential hydrogen/deuterium …

The isotopic exchange approach is in use since the first observation of such reactions in
1933 by Lewis. This approach allows the investigation of the pathways of chemical and …

The rate of hydrogen–deuterium exchange (HDX) in aqueous droplets of phenethylamine
has been determined with submillisecond temporal resolution by mass spectrometry using …