The global scale-up of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy (ART) has led to dramatic reductions in
HIV-1 mortality and incidence. However, HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) poses a potential …

Significant intra-and interindividual variability has been observed in response to use of
pharmacological agents in treatment of HIV infection. Treatment of HIV infection is limited by …

Background. A population-based phylogenetic approach was used to characterize human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV)—transmission dynamics in Quebec. Methods. HIV-1 pol …

Background Transmitted HIV-1 drug resistance can compromise initial antiretroviral therapy
(ART); therefore, its detection is important for patient management. The absence of drug …

Background: Raltegravir is an HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitor with potent in vitro
activity. This study explored the antiretroviral activity and safety of raltegravir in treatment …

Background Infection with drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) can
impair the response to combination therapy. Widespread transmission of drug-resistant …

New information about the benefits and limitations of testing for resistance to human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 (HIV-1) drugs has emerged. The International AIDS …

Background The World Health Organization (WHO) HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) threshold
survey method was developed for surveillance of transmitted HIVDR in resource-limited …

Background. The prevalence and characteristics of persons with newly diagnosed human
immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections with or without evidence of mutations associated …

Following interruption of antiretroviral therapy among individuals with acquired drug
resistance, preexisting drug-sensitive virus emerges relatively rapidly. In contrast, wild-type …