BACKGROUND Climate change impacts have now been documented across every
ecosystem on Earth, despite an average warming of only~ 1° C so far. Here, we describe the …

Intraspecific variation in key traits such as tolerance of warming can have profound effects
on ecological and evolutionary processes, notably responses to climate change. The …

Major ecological realignments are already occurring in response to climate change. To be
successful, conservation strategies now need to account for geographical patterns in traits …

Apart from its beneficial properties of oxygen to cellular functions, it can cause some
undesirable damages by the formation of ROS which can be neutralized by the formation of …

Migratory species are particularly vulnerable to climate change because habitat throughout
their entire migration cycle must be suitable for the species to persist. For migratory species …

Emerging diseases are impacting animals under high‐density culture, yet few studies
assess their importance to wild populations. Microparasites selected for enhanced virulence …

Climate warming is predicted to negatively impact fish populations through impairment of
oxygen transport systems when temperatures exceed those which are optimal for aerobic …

Environmental change can shift the phenotype of an organism through either evolutionary or
nongenetic processes. Despite abundant evidence of phenotypic change in response to …

Abstract Background Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) serve as good biological
indicators of the breadth of climate warming effects on fish because their anadromous life …

Summer water temperatures are rising in many river systems in North America, and this
warming trend is projected to intensify in the coming decades. Cold‐water fish may alleviate …