Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is emphysema and/or chronic bronchitis
characterised by long-term breathing problems and poor airflow. The prevalence of COPD …

PI3Ks regulate several key events in the inflammatory response to damage and infection.
There are four Class I PI3K isoforms (PI3Kα, β, γ, δ), three Class II PI3K isoforms (PI3KC2α …

Highlights•Preclinical studies support us of PI3K inhibitors in autoimmunity and
inflammation.•First in class PI3K inhibitor has been approved for treatment of B cell …

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with chronic inflammation of
the peripheral airways and lung parenchyma, which leads to progressive obstruction of the …

Significance: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predominantly a tobacco
smoke-triggered disease with features of chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and …

Over the past two decades, new insights have positioned phosphoinositide 3-kinase-γ
(PI3Kγ) as a context-dependent modulator of immunity and inflammation. Recent advances …

Currently, and based on the development of relevant biologic therapies, T2-high is the most
well-defined endotype of asthma. Although much progress has been made in elucidating T2 …

Noneosinophilic airway inflammation occurs in approximately 50% of patients with asthma. It
is subdivided into neutrophilic or paucigranulocytic inflammation, although the proportion of …

Respiratory diseases, always being a threat towards the health of people all over the world,
are most tightly associated with immune system. Neutrophils serve as an important …

PI3Kδ is a lipid kinase of the PI3K class IA family involved in early signaling events of
leukocytes responding to a wide variety of stimuli. The leukocyte specificity of PI3Kδ is …