This is a general review of the existing climatological models of ionospheric radio
scintillation for high and equatorial latitudes. Trans-ionospheric communication of radio …

Different indices have been used to reflect, or monitor the ionospheric scintillation, eg the
detrended carrier phase, σ φ, S 4, the rate of change of the vertical total electron content …

The formulation of a wave propagation model through a turbulent ionosphere is presented.
The calculation of the transmitted field enables the estimation of signal impairments …

Multiple studies of scintillation phenomena have shown that, in certain situations, the intense
phase fluctuations of trans-ionospheric radio signals are associated with the scattering on …

There has been a considerable interest in the use of lower frequency (VHF/UHF) space-
based synthetic aperture radar (SAR) for realizing the foliage and ground penetration. The …

Complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling mechanisms result in high‐latitude
irregularities that are difficult to characterize using only Global Navigation Satellite System …

Ionospheric scintillation is caused by irregularities in the ionospheric electron density. The
characterization of ionospheric irregularities is important to further our understanding of the …

This paper presents a review of the ionospheric scintillation monitoring and modelling by the
European groups involved in COST 296. Several of these groups have organized …

Ionosphere scintillation can cause significant errors in global navigation satellite system
(GNSS) phase measurements. During strong scintillation and, in particular, at low latitudes …

Although formulae are available to determine tracking jitter (variance of the phase tracking
error at the output of the Global Navigation Satellite Systems receiver phase-locked loop) …