Objectives Clinical studies of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in COVID-19
disease reported conflicting results. We sought to systematically evaluate the effect of CQ …

The anti-malarial drugs chloroquine (CQ) and primarily the less toxic hydroxychloroquine
(HCQ) are currently used to treat autoimmune diseases for their immunomodulatory and anti …

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been largely used and investigated as therapy for COVID-
19 across various settings at a total dose usually ranging from 2400 mg to 9600 mg. In …

Introduction While chloroquine, a derivative of quinine, has been used as an antimalarial for
70 years, hydroxychloroquine is now used to treat conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis …

Abstract The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a global struggle to cope
with the sheer numbers of infected persons, many of whom require intensive care support or …

In December 2019, the novel coronavirus disease pandemic (COVID-19) that began in
China had infected so far more than 109,217,366 million individuals worldwide and …

In December 2019, reports of an unknown pneumonia not responsive to traditional
treatments arose in Wuhan, China. The pathogen was subsequently identified as severe …

Designing and producing an effective vaccine is the best possible way to reduce the burden
and spread of a disease. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, many …

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) is a pandemic that has rapidly
spread worldwide. Increasingly, confirmed patients being discharged according to the …

Conflicting evidence regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and azithromycin for
the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection …