Neurotransmitters are molecules that amplify, transmit, and convert signals in cells, having
an essential role in information transmission throughout the nervous system. Hundreds of …

Currently, there is no disease-modifying treatment available for Alzheimer's and Parkinson's
disease (AD and PD) and that includes the highly controversial approval of the Aβ-targeting …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related neurodegenerative disorder that
is characterized by amyloid β-protein deposition in senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles …

Abstract Calcium (Ca 2+) is a ubiquitous second messenger that regulates various activities
in eukaryotic cells. Especially important role calcium plays in excitable cells. Neurons …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of dementia and is characterized by the
accumulation of amyloid (Aβ) plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Much attention …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) 1− 3 is the most common form of dementia (estimated∼ 50− 60%
of all cases), associated with loss of memory (in particular episodic memory), cognitive …

In the mammalian central nervous system, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is
counterbalanced by antioxidant defenses. When large amounts of ROS accumulate …

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the impairment of declarative memory coincides with the
accumulation of extracellular amyloid-β protein (Aβ) and intraneuronal tau aggregates …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by brain deposition of amyloid plaques and tau
neurofibrillary tangles along with steady cognitive decline. Synaptic damage, an early …

Amyloid-β precursor protein (APP) is a membrane-spanning protein with a large
extracellular domain and a much smaller intracellular domain. It is the source of the amyloid …