Production of metals stands for 40% of all industrial greenhouse gas emissions, 10% of the
global energy consumption, 3.2 billion tonnes of minerals mined, and several billion tonnes …

There are several facets of aluminum when it comes to sustainability. While it helps to save
fuel due to its low density, producing it from ores is very energy-intensive. Recycling it shifts …

The transition towards a circular economy is a crucial issue to pursue a more sustainable
development. In this transition, consumers' comprehension and engagement are necessary …

The debate on the identification of the most suited metrics for circular economy (CE) is open,
no consensus has been reached yet on what CE indicators at product level should measure …

The environmental impact of packaging has already been studied since the early
development of the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology, and today an extensive …

The principle of cascading, the sequential and consecutive use of resources, is a potential
method to create added value in circular economy (CE) practices. Despite conceptual …

Nowadays, the most important tool to evaluate the environmental impact of both petro-
plastics and bioplastics is the life cycle analysis (LCA). LCA determines the overall impact …

The term downcycling is often used anecdotally to describe imperfections in recycling.
However, it is rarely defined. Here, we identify six meanings of the term downcycling as used …

The ever-increasing volume of packaging waste is widely recognised as a key global
environmental challenge. Packaging is thus a central concern for advocates and analysts of …

Industrial ecology (IE) methodologies, such as input/output or material flow analysis and life
cycle assessment (LCA), are often used for the environmental evaluation of circular …