Abstract This Brief Review delves into B cell responses in the context of allergy. The primary
contribution of B cells to allergy is the production of IgE, the Ab isotype that triggers …

The adaptive immune system of jawed vertebrates generates a highly diverse repertoire of
antibodies to meet the antigenic challenges of a constantly evolving biological ecosystem …

Germinal centers (GCs) form in lymph nodes after immunization or infection to facilitate
antibody affinity maturation and memory and plasma cell (PC) development. PC …

Challenges remain in precisely diagnosing the progress of liver fibrosis in a noninvasive
way. We here synthesized small (4 nm) heterogeneous iron oxide/dysprosium oxide …

To become specialized binders, antibodies undergo a process called affinity maturation to
maximize their binding affinity. Despite this process, some antibodies retain low-affinity …

Antibodies are theoretically limitless in their diversity and specificity to foreign antigens;
however they are constrained by the need to avoid binding to self. Germinal centers (GC) …

Viral mimicry of host cell structures has been postulated to curtail the B cell receptor (BCR)
repertoire against persisting viruses through tolerance mechanisms. This concept awaits …

Blockade of immune checkpoints transformed the paradigm of systemic cancer therapy,
enabling substitution of a cytotoxic chemotherapy backbone to one of immunostimulation in …

Accurate identification of beneficial mutations is central to antibody design. Many knowledge-
based (KB) computational approaches have been developed to predict beneficial mutations …

Factor VIII (fVIII) is a procoagulant protein that binds to activated factor IX (fIXa) on platelet
surfaces to form the intrinsic tenase complex. Due to the high immunogenicity of fVIII …