Neurodegenerative disorders constitute a substantial proportion of neurological diseases
with significant public health importance. The pathophysiology of neurodegenerative …

Oxidative stress is a phenomenon caused by an imbalance between production and
accumulation of oxygen reactive species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a …

Neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer (AD) and Parkinson (PD) have attracted
attention in last decades due to their high incidence worldwide. The etiology of these …

Living organisms use a large repertoire of anabolic and catabolic reactions to maintain their
physiological body functions, many of which include oxidation and reduction of substrates …

Reductions in the blood supply produce considerable injury if the duration of ischemia is
prolonged. Paradoxically, restoration of perfusion to ischemic organs can exacerbate tissue …

The effects of current treatment strategies for ischemic stroke are weakened by ischemia-
reperfusion (I/R) injury. Effective treatments targeting I/R injury are still insufficient …

Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, known together as inflammatory bowel diseases
(IBDs), and celiac disease are the most common disorders affecting not only adults but also …

The complex physiological signal transduction networks that respond to the dual challenges
of inflammatory and oxidative stress are major factors that promote the development of …

Dynamic interactions between organelles are responsible for a variety of intercellular
functions, and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–mitochondrial axis is recognized as a …

Circular RNA (circRNA) is a class of endogenous noncoding RNA (ncRNA), presenting as a
special covalent closed loop without a 5′ cap or 3′ tail, maintaining resistance to RNA …