Highlights•Three design tools for smooth path generation: circle segments, generalized
elementary and bi-elementary paths.•Trade-off between repressed area minimization and …

Variable spray is one of the important ways for precision applying pesticide. In the past
decade, great progress has been made in the technology and applications of variable …

BACKGROUND Pesticide applications using a specific droplet size and carrier volume could
maximize herbicide efficacy while mitigating particle drift in a precise and efficient manner …

Pulse-width modulation (PWM) sprayers can improve application accuracy through flow
control, turn compensation, and high-resolution overlap control by pulsing an electronically …

Agricultural automation is the core technology for computer-aided agricultural production
management and implementation. An integration of equipment, infotronics, and precision …

BACKGROUND The increasing popularity of pulse‐width modulation (PWM) sprayers
requires that application interaction effects on spray pattern uniformity be completely …

Chemical application is an integral part of crop care. Today, advanced sprayers
automatically control individual boom sections and nozzles to accommodate increased …

Chemical weed control remains a widely used component of integrated weed management
strategies because of its cost-effectiveness and rapid removal of crop pests. Additionally …

Pesticides have been heavily used in the cultivation of major crops, contributing to the
increase of crop production over the past decades. However, in many cases their …

Grapevines are one of the most intensely treated crops with a high potential risk to health
and biodiversity. Thus, the distribution control of agrochemicals is crucial to obtain a high …