Obesity and its associated complications have reached epidemic proportions in the USA
and also worldwide, highlighting the need for new and more effective treatments. Although …

Oxytocin (OT), a nonapeptide, has a variety of functions. Despite extensive studies on OT
over past decades, our understanding of its neural functions and their regulation remains …

INTRODUCTION Motivational drives are internal states that can explain why animals
adaptively display distinct behaviors in response to the same external stimulus …

In vivo calcium imaging through microendoscopic lenses enables imaging of previously
inaccessible neuronal populations deep within the brains of freely moving animals …

Animals must respond to various threats to survive. Neurons that express calcitonin gene-
related peptide in the parabrachial nucleus (CGRPPBN neurons) relay sensory signals that …

The lateral parabrachial nucleus (lPBN) is a major target of spinal projection neurons
conveying nociceptive input into supraspinal structures. However, the functional role of …

Abstract The “dorsal pons”, or “dorsal pontine tegmentum”(dPnTg), is part of the brainstem. It
is a complex, densely packed region whose nuclei are involved in regulating many vital …

Principles of Neurobiology, Second Edition presents the major concepts of neuroscience
with an emphasis on how we know what we know. The text is organized around a series of …

The parabrachial nucleus (PBN) is one of the major targets of spinal projection neurons and
plays important roles in pain. However, the architecture of the spinoparabrachial pathway …

Mechanosensory feedback from the digestive tract to the brain is critical for limiting
excessive food and water intake, but the underlying gut–brain communication pathways and …