Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

Optogenetic actuators enable highly precise spatiotemporal interrogation of biological
processes at levels ranging from the subcellular to cells, circuits and behaving organisms …

The ability to study cellular physiology using photosensitive, genetically encoded molecules
has profoundly transformed neuroscience. The modern optogenetic toolbox includes …

Reversible silencing of neuronal activity is a powerful approach for isolating the roles of
specific neuronal populations in circuit dynamics and behavior. In contrast with neuronal …

Increased tonic activity of locus coeruleus noradrenergic (LC-NE) neurons induces anxiety-
like and aversive behavior. While some information is known about the afferent circuitry that …

γ-frequency oscillations (30-120 Hz) in cortical networks influence neuronal encoding and
information transfer, and are disrupted in multiple brain disorders. While synaptic inhibition …

Acid‐sensing ion channels (ASICs) and the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) are both
members of the ENaC/degenerin family of amiloride‐sensitive Na+ channels. ASICs act as …

Over the last two decades the combination of brain slice patch clamp electrophysiology with
optogenetic stimulation has proven to be a powerful approach to analyze the architecture of …

Monkeys are a premier model organism for neuroscience research. Activity in the central
nervous systems of monkeys can be recorded and manipulated while they perform complex …

Detecting visual features in the environment, such as motion direction, is crucial for survival.
The circuit mechanisms that give rise to direction selectivity in a major visual center, the …