Biofilms are surface-attached groups of microbial cells encased in an extracellular matrix
that are significantly less susceptible to antimicrobial agents than non-adherent, planktonic …

Antibiotic tolerance is associated with the failure of antibiotic treatment and the relapse of
many bacterial infections. However, unlike resistance, which is commonly measured using …

BACKGROUND The escalating crisis of multidrug resistance is raising fears of untreatable
infections caused by bacterial “superbugs.” However, many patients already suffer from …

Bacterial persister cells are phenotypic variants that exhibit a transient non-growing state
and antibiotic tolerance. Here, we provide in vitro evidence of Staphylococcus aureus …

Surface-associated microbial communities, called biofilms, are present in all environments.
Although biofilms play an important positive role in a variety of ecosystems, they also have …

Persisters are transiently tolerant variants that allow populations to avoid eradication by
antibiotic treatment. Their antibiotic tolerance is non-genetic, not inheritable and results from …

Bacterial cells may escape the effects of antibiotics without undergoing genetic change;
these cells are known as persisters. Unlike resistant cells that grow in the presence of …

Natural variations in gene expression provide a mechanism for multiple phenotypes to arise
in an isogenic bacterial population. In particular, a sub-group termed persisters show high …

Persisters are nongrowing, transiently antibiotic-tolerant bacteria within a clonal population
of otherwise susceptible cells. Their formation is triggered by environmental cues and …

Control of the lac operon with isopropyl β-d-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) has been used
to regulate gene expression in Escherichia coli for countless applications, including …