The origin story and emergence of molecular biology is muddled. The early triumphs in
bacterial genetics and the complexity of animal and plant genomes complicate an intricate …

The eukaryotic genome has a hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) organization with
functional implications for DNA replication, DNA repair, and transcriptional regulation. Over …

The eukaryotic genome is folded into higher-order conformation accompanied with
constrained dynamics for coordinated genome functions. However, the molecular machinery …

In this glossary of plant cell structures, we asked experts to summarize a present-day view of
plant organelles and structures, including a discussion of outstanding questions. In the …

Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins with important, well-established roles in
humans and other vertebrates. Lamins interact with DNA and numerous proteins at the …

In animals, distant H3K27me3-marked Polycomb targets can establish physical interactions
forming repressive chromatin hubs. In plants, growing evidence suggests that H3K27me3 …

The genome of a eukaryotic organism is comprised of a supra-molecular complex of
chromatin fibers and intricately folded three-dimensional (3D) structures. Chromosomal …

Abstract Information in the genome is not only encoded within sequence or epigenetic
modifications, but is also found in how it folds in three-dimensional space. The formation of …

Genetic variation is the major mechanism behind adaptation and evolutionary change. As
most proteins operate through interactions with other proteins, changes in protein complex …

How flexible developmental programs integrate information from internal and external
factors to modulate stem cell behavior is a fundamental question in developmental biology …