Profound and debilitating fatigue is the most common complaint reported among individuals
with autoimmune disease, such as systemic lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, type 1 …

Noradrenergic and cholinergic systems are among the most vulnerable brain systems in
neuropsychiatric diseases of ageing, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease …

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is used for management of a variety of neurological
conditions, although the therapeutic mechanisms are not fully understood. Accumulating …

Neuromodulators transform animal behaviors. Recent research has demonstrated the
importance of both sustained and transient change in neuromodulators, likely due to tonic …

The noradrenergic and cholinergic modulation of functionally distinct regions of the brain
has become one of the primary organizational principles behind understanding the …

Brain activity fluctuates continuously, even in the absence of changes in sensory input or
motor output. These intrinsic activity fluctuations are correlated across brain regions and are …

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by extracellular accumulation of
amyloid-beta peptide and intracellular aggregation of hyperphosphorylated tau, is the most …

Acrylamide is a well characterized neurotoxicant known to cause neuropathy and
encephalopathy in humans and experimental animals. To investigate the role of nuclear …

The locus coeruleus (LC) is a small brainstem nucleus with widely distributed noradrenergic
projections to the whole brain, and loss of LC neurons is a prominent feature of age-related …

First identified in the 1940s by Swedish physiologist Ulf von Euler, norepinephrine, also
known as noradrenaline, is a neurotransmitter of the brain that plays an essential role in the …