Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nano-sized, membranous structures secreted into the
extracellular space. They exhibit diverse sizes, contents, and surface markers and are …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused a global pandemic
in the years 2020–2022. With a high prevalence, an easy route of transmission, and a long …

Plant-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) may represent a platform for the delivery of RNA-
based vaccines, exploiting their natural membrane envelope to protect and deliver nucleic …

The conventional therapeutic approaches to treat autoimmune diseases through
suppressing the immune system, such as steroidal and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanosized intercellular messengers that bear enormous
application potential as biological drug delivery vehicles. Much progress has been made for …

The role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as key players in the intercellular communication is a
subject of growing interest in all areas of physiology and pathophysiology, and the field of …

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles (EVs)(∼ 50–150 nm) that have emerged as promising
vehicles for therapeutic applications and drug delivery. These membrane-bound particles …

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has a
detrimental impact on disease progression. Increasing evidence points to extracellular …

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) comprise a broad range of secreted cell-derived membrane
vesicles. Beyond their more well-characterized role in cell communication, in recent years …

The human polyomavirus JCPyV is an opportunistic pathogen that infects greater than 60%
of the world's population. The virus establishes a persistent and asymptomatic infection in …