Initiatives to eradicate malaria have a good impact on P. falciparum malaria worldwide. P.
vivax, however, still presents significant difficulties. This is due to its unique biological traits …

Laboratory studies of pathogens aim to limit complexity in order to disentangle the important
parameters contributing to an infection. However, pathogens rarely exist in isolation, and …

Background Competitive outcomes between co-infecting malaria parasite lines can reveal
fitness disparities in blood stage growth. Blood stage fitness costs often accompany the …

Background Multiplicity of infection (MOI) refers to the average number of distinct parasite
genotypes concurrently infecting a patient. Although several studies have reported on MOI …

It is important to understand intrinsic variation in asexual blood stage multiplication rates of
the most virulent human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Here, multiplication rates …

Most, if not all, entomopathogenic fungi have been used as alternative control agents to
decrease the insect resistance and harmful effects of the insecticides on the environment …

The distributions of human malaria parasite species overlap in most malarious regions of the
world, and co-infections involving two or more malaria parasite species are common. Little is …

Pathogen multiplication rate is theoretically an important determinant of virulence, although
often poorly understood and difficult to measure accurately. We show intrinsic asexual blood …

Even the simplest microbial-eukaryotic mutualisms are comprised of entire populations of
symbionts at the level of the host individual. Early work suggested that these intrahost …

Many vector-borne pathogens establish multiple-strain infections in the vertebrate host and
the arthropod vector. Multiple-strain infections in the host influence strain acquisition by …