Using Pacific benthic foraminiferal δ18O and Mg/Ca records, we derive a Cenozoic (66 Ma)
global mean sea level (GMSL) estimate that records evolution from an ice-free Early Eocene …

Abstract The Eocene–Oligocene transition (EOT) was a climate shift from a largely ice-free
greenhouse world to an icehouse climate, involving the first major glaciation of Antarctica …

Ice volume (and hence sea level) and deep-sea temperature are key measures of global
climate change. Sea level has been documented using several independent methods over …

The boreal zone and its ecosystems provide numerous provisioning, regulating, cultural,
and supporting services. Because of its resources and its hydroelectric potential, Canada's …

Convective removal of lower lithosphere beneath the Tibetan Plateau can account for a
rapid increase in the mean elevation of the Tibetan Plateau of 1000 m or more in a few …

The high altitudes of most mountain ranges have commonly been ascribed to late Cenozoic
uplift, without reference to when crustal thickening and other tectonic processes occurred …

Interglacials, including the present (Holocene) period, are warm, low land ice extent (high
sea level), end‐members of glacial cycles. Based on a sea level definition, we identify …

Environmental theories of African faunal evolution state that important evolutionary changes
during the Pliocene–Pleistocene interval (the last ca. 5.3 million years) were mediated by …

Marine records of African climate variability document a shift toward more arid conditions
after 2.8 million years ago (Ma), evidently resulting from remote forcing by cold North Atlantic …

The middle Miocene represents a major change in state in Cenozoic climatic evolution,
following the climax of Neogene warmth in the late early Miocene at∼ 16 Ma. The early …