There has been an incredibly large investment in obtaining high-resolution stellar spectra for
determining chemical abundances of stars. This information is crucial to answer …

The ensemble of chemical element abundance measurements for stars, along with precision
distances and orbit properties, provides high-dimensional data to study the evolution of the …

Context. The chemical composition of the Sun is required in the context of various studies in
astrophysics, among them in the calculation of standard solar models (SSMs) used to …

The discovery of lithium-rich giants contradicts expectations from canonical stellar evolution.
Here we report on the serendipitous discovery of 20 Li-rich giants observed during the Gaia …

Context. The Gaia-ESO Public Spectroscopic Survey is an ambitious project designed to
obtain astrophysical parameters and elemental abundances for 100 000 stars, including …

ABSTRACT The Galactic Archaeology with HERMES (GALAH) survey is a large-scale stellar
spectroscopic survey of the Milky Way, designed to deliver complementary chemical …

ABSTRACT The Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) has
built the largest moderately high-resolution (R≈ 22,500) spectroscopic map of the stars …

Multiple codes are available to derive atmospheric parameters and individual chemical
abundances from high-resolution spectra of AFGKM stars. Almost all spectroscopists have …

Planck has mapped the microwave sky in temperature over nine frequency bands between
30 and 857 GHz and in polarization over seven frequency bands between 30 and 353 GHz …

New spectroscopic surveys offer the promise of stellar parameters and abundances (" stellar
labels") for hundreds of thousands of stars; this poses a formidable spectral modeling …