Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease with a complex pathophysiology. Animal modeling
of ischemic stroke serves as an indispensable tool first to investigate mechanisms of …

This review describes the most commonly used rodent models and outcome measures in
preclinical stroke research and discusses their strengths and limitations. Most models …

1. Studies in animal models of stroke have provided an invaluable contribution to our current
understanding of the pathogenesis of cerebral ischaemia. The strengths of stroke research …

Rodent models of focal cerebral ischemia are essential tools in experimental stroke
research. They have added tremendously to our understanding of injury mechanisms in …

✓ Activated leukocytes appear to be directly involved in potentiating ischemic central
nervous system (CNS) injury. Adhesion of leukocytes to endothelium is essential for their …

Animal models of focal cerebral ischemia are well accepted for investigating the
pathogenesis and potential treatment strategies for human stroke. Occlusion of the middle …

Activated leukocytes appear to be directly involved in ischemic central nervous system
injury. A surface glycoprotein (CD18) on the leukocyte is required for endothelial adherence …

Stroke is a leading cause of disability and death in many countries. Understanding the
pathophysiology of ischemic injury and developing therapies is an important endeavor that …

• lschemia may increase synaptic concentrations of glutamate, which may cause neuronal
damage. Drugs that antagonize glutamate's effects may reduce this type of damage. MK …

The excitotoxic effects of glutamate can be blocked almost completely with gamma-
aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in cell culture, tissue slices, and in …