Background and purpose Structural magnetic resonance techniques have been widely
applied in neurological disorders to better understand tissue changes, probing …

Dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements.
Although the precise mechanisms of dystonia development remain unknown, the diversity of …

Dystonia, a neurological disorder defined by abnormal postures and disorganized
movements, is considered to be a neural circuit disorder with dysfunction arising within and …

There is now a substantial amount of compelling evidence demonstrating that the
cerebellum may be a central locus in dystonia pathogenesis. Studies using spontaneous …

Imaging biomarkers for immune activation may be valuable for early-stage detection,
therapeutic testing, and research on neurodegenerative conditions. In the present study, we …

Dystonias are a group of chronic movement–disabling disorders for which highly effective
oral medications or disease-modifying therapies are lacking. The most effective treatments …

DYT1 early-onset generalized torsion dystonia is a hereditary movement disorder
characterized by abnormal postures and repeated movements. It is caused mainly by a …

DYT-TOR1A dystonia is a neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle
contractions and abnormal movements. It is a severe genetic form of dystonia caused by …

Torsin ATPases are members of the AAA+ (ATPases associated with various cellular
activities) superfamily of proteins, which participate in essential cellular processes. While …

Focal dystonias are the most common forms of isolated dystonia; however, the
etiopathophysiological signatures of disorder penetrance and clinical manifestation remain …