This article focuses on the uncertainty surrounding the issue of the Critical Period
Hypothesis. It puts forward the case that, with regard to naturalistic situations, the hypothesis …

Online language learning is challenging to young learners who often need high levels of
support from teachers and parents due to their limited skills in self-regulated learning. While …

This study aims to analyse motivation in the English as a Foreign Language (EFL)
secondary classroom through gamification. To this end, a gamification proposal based on …

The importance of socioeconomic status (SES) in foreign language learning has received
increasing attention. However, previous research mainly examined the direct link between …

The dynamic nature of multilingual families and their language policies has been touched
upon by numerous studies. Adding to the field, the present study assesses the stability of …

This special issue commentary draws seven lessons from the four papers on input and
bilingual development:(1) the environments in which children become bilingual vary …

The chapter focuses on the main trends and issues in teaching English as an additional
language to young learners, a growing field of interest to both practicing teachers and …

Family context has been found to influence achievement emotions, but the factors that might
moderate this association remain relatively unexplored. To address this gap, this research …

Previous research has amply established the link between motivation and learning strategy
with regards to language learning. However, there have been few investigations into the role …

The purpose of this research is to model the link between language learners' socioeconomic
status (SES), their self-directed, technology-enhanced language learning, and their …