Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of distress, disability, and suicides. As
per the latest WHO report, MDD affects more than 260 million people worldwide. Despite …

One of the most challenging and controversial issues in microbiome research is related to
gut microbial metabolism and neuropsychological disorders. Psychobiotics affect human …

Glutamate (Glu) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) are implicated in the
pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). GABA levels or GABAergic …

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation technique
uniquely equipped to both examine and modulate neural systems and related cognitive and …

Previous proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) studies suggest a perturbation
in glutamate and/or GABA in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, no studies …

The microbiota-gut-brain axis is a bidirectional regulatory pathway between the brain and
the gastrointestinal tract, which plays an important role in maintain homeostasis. Gut …

The existing data regarding the effects of polyethylene (PE) microplastics (MPs) smaller than
5 mm in size on earthworms are insufficient to fully comprehend their toxicity. In this study …

The neuroimaging is an important tool for understanding the biomarkers and predicting
treatment responses in major depressive disorder (MDD). The potential biomarkers and …

Depression is a significant global health concern that remains inadequately treated due to
the limited effectiveness of conventional drug therapies. One potential therapeutic agent …

Background Numerous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies have reported
metabolic abnormalities in the brains of patients with depression, although inconsistent …