Autoimmune diseases are a range of diseases in which the immune response to self-
antigens results in damage or dysfunction of tissues. Autoimmune diseases can be systemic …

Objective: The aim was to update the guidelines for the management of thyroid dysfunction
during pregnancy and postpartum published previously in 2007. A summary of changes …

Pregnancy has a profound impact on the thyroid gland and thyroid function. The gland
increases 10% in size during pregnancy in iodine-replete countries and by 20%–40% in …

Objectives To evaluate the association between thyroid autoantibodies and miscarriage and
preterm birth in women with normal thyroid function. To assess the effect of treatment with …

Importance Presence of thyroid autoantibodies in women with normal thyroid function is
associated with increased risk of miscarriage. Whether levothyroxine treatment improves …

Objective: The objective is to provide clinical guidelines for the management of thyroid
problems present during pregnancy and in the postpartum. Participants: The Chair was …

Understanding of changes in thyroid function and the consequences of thyroid disease
during pregnancy has rapidly grown in the past two decades, and revised American Thyroid …

Background: Increasing data suggest that subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) and thyroid
autoimmunity (TAI) are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, but there are limited …

The regulation of the female reproductive system is one of the most relevant actions of
thyroid hormones. Adequate thyroid hormones production is essential for normal menstrual …

Background: Pregnancy has a huge impact on the thyroid function in both healthy women
and those that have thyroid dysfunction. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant …