Regulatory B cells (Bregs) is a term that encompasses all B cells that act to suppress
immune responses. Bregs contribute to the maintenance of tolerance, limiting ongoing …

There is growing recognition that B cell contributions to normal immune responses extend
well beyond their potential to become antibody-producing cells, including roles at the innate …

The immune system is guided by a series of checks and balances, a major component of
which is a large array of co-stimulatory and co-inhibitory pathways that modulate the host …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) that is characterised pathologically by demyelination, gliosis, neuro-axonal damage …

Kidney transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage renal diseases. Although great
improvement has been achieved, immune tolerance is still the Holy Grail that every organ …

Background and Purpose—Our recent research revealed that adoptively transferred
regulatory T cells (Tregs) reduced acute ischemic brain injury by inhibiting neutrophil …

Abstract Programmed Cell Death 1 (PD-1) receptor and its ligands (PD-Ls) are essential to
maintain peripheral immune tolerance and to avoid tissue damage. Consequently, altered …

Although classically B cells are known to play important roles in immune protection via
humoral immunity, recently their regulatory mechanisms have been best appreciated in the …

In the past two decades it has become clear that in addition to antigen presentation and
antibody production B cells play prominent roles in immune regulation. While B cell-derived …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelination disorder with an immune-
mediated pathophysiology that affects the central nervous system (CNS). Like other …