Cachexia is the involuntary loss of muscle and adipose tissue that strongly affects mortality
and treatment efficacy in patients with cancer or chronic inflammatory disease. Currently, no …

Atrophy occurs in specific muscles with inactivity (for example, during plaster cast
immobilization) or denervation (for example, in patients with spinal cord injuries). Muscle …

Skeletal muscle mass increases during postnatal development through a process of
hypertrophy, ie enlargement of individual muscle fibers, and a similar process may be …

Skeletal muscle is a plastic organ that is maintained by multiple pathways regulating cell
and protein turnover. During muscle atrophy, proteolytic systems are activated, and …

Protein-energy wasting (PEW), a term proposed by the International Society of Renal
Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM), refers to the multiple nutritional and catabolic alterations …

Cancer cachexia is characterized by a significant reduction in body weight resulting
predominantly from loss of adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. Cachexia causes reduced …

Research on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and in particular on gelatinase B, alias MMP-
9, has grown exponentially in the decade 2003–2012. Structural details about flexibility of …

Elevated protein catabolism and protein malnutrition are common in patients with chronic
kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The underlying etiology …

While patient care, kidney replacement therapy, and transplantation techniques for chronic
kidney disease (CKD) have continued to progress, the incidence of malnutrition disorders in …

A highly conserved signaling pathway involving insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), and a
cascade of intracellular components that mediate its effects, plays a major role in the …