Behavioral ecologists have long studied the role of coloration as a defense against natural
enemies. Recent reviews of defensive coloration have emphasized that these visual signals …

Eavesdropping predators, parasites and parasitoids exploit signals emitted by their prey and
hosts for detection, assessment, localization and attack, and in the process impose strong …

Avian eyes have deep central foveae as a result of extensive evolution. Deep foveae
efficiently refract incident light, creating a magnified image of the target object and making it …

Complex phenotypes can be modeled as networks of component traits connected by
genetic, developmental, or functional interactions. Aposematism, which has evolved multiple …

Sexual selection often favors brighter and exaggerated traits, which also increase the risk of
detection by predators. Signals that are preferentially conspicuous to conspecifics would …

Anurans may be brightly colored or completely cryptic. Generally, in the former situation, we
are dealing with aposematism, and the latter is an example of camouflage. However, these …

Guidance is almost non-existent as to suitable levels of UV lighting for reptiles and
amphibians, or how to achieve satisfactory UV gradients using artificial lighting. The UV-Tool …

The authors discuss the ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation from generic stressor to regulator. The
author state that UV-B levels are increased either by using UV-lamps or decreased using cut …

Plant organs are composed of many tissue types containing specialised cells differing in
chemical composition and structure. This complexity results in complicated and variable …

Biofluorescence has been detected in several nocturnal-crepuscular organisms from
invertebrates to birds and mammals. Biofluorescence in mammals has been detected across …