There are inconsistent reports regarding behavioral sex differences in the human navigation
literature. This meta-analysis quantifies the overall magnitude of sex differences in large …

Down syndrome (DS) is associated with extreme difficulty in verbal skills and relatively better
visuo-spatial skills. Indeed, visuo-spatial ability is often considered a strength in DS …

This paper describes some novel spatial tasks and questionnaires designed to assess
spatial and orientation abilities. The new tasks and questionnaires were administered to a …

Spatial navigation is essential for orienting oneself in familiar and novel environments.
Several internal factors may affect spatial navigation, such as anxiety. This study explored …

In this review, a new model that is grounded in information-processing theory is proposed to
account for gender differences in spatial ability. The proposed model assumes that the …

Selective visuo-spatial memory deficits can seriously affect many aspects of daily life; for
example, an individual may not remember where he put an object or which path he took to …

Finding one's way in unfamiliar environments is an essential ability. When navigating,
people are overwhelmed with an enormous amount of information. However, some …

The primary objective of this meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between small-
scale and large-scale spatial abilities. The secondary objective is to investigate whether …

Our goal was to specify the effectiveness of wayfinding directions in a complex indoor
environment. We measured direction quality using effectiveness ratings and behavioral …

Background Spatial abilities are essential cognitive skills for many aspects of our everyday
life that develop substantially throughout childhood and adolescence. While there are …