Cardiovascular (CV) disease and heart failure (HF) are the leading cause of mortality in type
2 diabetes (T2DM), a metabolic disease which represents a fast-growing health challenge …

Biotransformation was previously viewed as merely the structural characterization of drug
metabolites, and it was performed only when drug candidates entered in clinical …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is highly prevalent and associated with a two-fold
increased mortality, mostly explained by cardiovascular diseases. Trial evidence on older …

Background The management of antidiabetic therapy in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D)
has evolved beyond glycemic control. In this context, Brazil and Portugal defined a joint …

Pioglitazone (PGL) is an effective insulin sensitizer, however, side effects such as
accumulation of subcutaneous fat, edema, and weight gain as well as poor oral …

Introduction Untreated nonalcoholic fatty liver may progress to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
(NASH) and cirrhosis and induce hepatocellular carcinoma and liver failure. Type 2 diabetes …

Patients with ischaemic stroke represent a diverse group with several cardiovascular risk
factors and comorbidities, which classify them as patients at very high risk of stroke …

Background: Thiazolidinediones are potent exogenous agonists of PPAR-γ that augment the
effects of insulin to its cellular targets, mainly at the level of adipose tissue. Pioglitazone, the …

Background and aims Lobeglitazone (LGZ), a newly researched thiazolidinedione (TZD)
thought to have lesser side effects compared with pioglitazone (PGZ), has been recently …

Introduction There is a bi-directional link between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and heart
failure (HF) and their co-existence markedly increases an individual's morbidity and …