Abstract 4D printing refers to single-material or multi-material printing of a device or object
that can be transformed from a 1D strand into pre-programed 3D shape, from a 2D surface …

Directed energy deposition (DED) has matured into an essential additive manufacturing
(AM) branch. DED has been broadly implemented in the design and fabrication of novel …

The growing need to develop cost-effective and efficient alloys requires enhancing the
flexibility of the current production methods. Additive manufacturing (AM), as an emerging …

Nickel-titanium (NiTi) is an attractive alloy due to its unique functional properties (ie, shape
memory effect and superelasticity behaviors), low stiffness, biocompatibility, damping …

The rapid development of additive manufacturing and advances in shape memory materials
have fueled the progress of four-dimensional (4D) printing. With the right external stimulus …

Shape memory alloys (SMAs), such as Nitinol (ie, NiTi), are of great importance in
biomedical and engineering applications due to their unique superelasticity and shape …

The introduction of 4D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing industry. Current
research indicates that 4D printing, although at a nascent stage, is a promising technology …

This work presents a comparative study on the in-situ alloying of NiTi shape memory alloys
(SMAs) by directed energy deposition (DED), selective laser melting (SLM) and selective …

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has been proved to be a promising method to
fabricate large expensive NiTi shape memory alloys with complex geometry. In this study …

New metal alloys and metal fabrication strategies are likely to benefit future skeletal implant
strategies. These metals and fabrication strategies were looked at from the point of view of …