Background Antibiotics are amongst the most commonly used drugs in children. In addition
to inducing antibiotic resistance, antibiotic exposure has been associated with adverse long …

Background Intestinal dysbiosis may contribute to the pathogenesis of necrotising
enterocolitis (NEC) in very preterm or very low birth weight infants. Dietary supplementation …

Background Xylitol, a white or transparent polyol or sugar alcohol, is digestible by colonic
microorganisms and promotes the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and the production of …

Starting at birth, the immune system of newborns and children encounters and is influenced
by environmental challenges. It is still not completely understood how γδ T cells emerge and …

Preterm infants are at high risk of developing neonatal sepsis. γδ T cells are thought to be an
important set of effector cells in neonates. Here, γδ T cells were investigated in a longitudinal …

Gut dysbiosis is associated with sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants,
which can adversely affect long-term growth and neurodevelopment. We aimed to …

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a beneficial human gut microbe and a candidate for next-
generation probiotics. With probiotics now being used in clinical treatments, concerns about …

Meconium constitutes infants' first bowel movements postnatally. The consistency and
microbial load of meconium are different from infant and adult stool. While recent evidence …

Animal models imply that the perinatal exposure to antibiotics has a substantial impact on
microbiome establishment of the offspring. We aimed to evaluate the effect of timing of …

Gastrointestinal complications during the neonatal period, ie necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
and spontaneous intestinal perforation (SIP), are associated with adverse short-term …