Increasing evidence suggests estrogen and estrogen signaling pathway disturbances
across psychiatric disorders. Estrogens are not only crucial in sexual maturation and …

Background: In women, changes in estrogen levels may increase the incidence and/or
symptomatology of depression and affect the response to antidepressant treatments …

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric illness with marked sex differences. Women
have later onset and lesser symptoms, which has led to the hypothesis that estrogens are …

In woman, surgical menopause is associated with anxiety and depression symptoms.
Ovariectomy in rats has been proposed as an experimental model of surgical menopause …

The impact of sex and menopausal status in Alzheimer's disease remains understudied
despite increasing evidence of greater female risk, particularly in APOE4 carriers. Utilizing …

This review describes the role of social isolation in the development of anxiety and
depression-like behavior in rodents. The duration of social isolation, age from onset of social …

Menopause is the period in which women cease to produce the hormone estrogen, which
can trigger physiological, cognitive, and behavioral changes. In this context, alternatives are …

Clinical studies suggest that key genetic factors involved in stress resilience are related to
the innate immune system. In the brain, this system includes microglia cells, which play a …

Stress has an impact on the brain and the body. A growing literature demonstrates that
feedback between the peripheral immune system and the brain contributes to individual …

Daily treatment of ovariectomized (OVX) ICR mice with puerarin, a glycosyl isoflavone
isolated from the root bark of Pueraria candollei var. mirifica, and 17β-estradiol attenuated …