Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-β1), a key member in the TGF-β superfamily, plays a
critical role in the development of hepatic fibrosis. Its expression is consistently elevated in …

Smad transcription factors lie at the core of one of the most versatile cytokine signaling
pathways in metazoan biology—the transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) pathway. Recent …

Members of the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) superfamily of secreted factors play
essential roles in nearly every aspect of cartilage formation and maintenance. However, the …

Smads are pivotal intracellular nuclear effectors of transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β)
family members. Ligand‐induced activation of TGF‐β family receptors with intrinsic …

Transforming growth factor‐beta (TGF‐β) is an important growth inhibitor of epithelial cells,
and insensitivity to this cytokine results in uncontrolled cell proliferation and can contribute to …

Smad2 and Smad3 interact and mediate TGF-β signaling. Although Smad3 promotes
fibrosis, the role of Smad2 in fibrogenesis is largely unknown. In this study, conditional …

Transforming growth factor‐β (TGF‐β) family members which include TGF‐βs, activins, and
bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) regulate a broad spectrum of biological responses on …

TGFβ ligands, receptors and Smads..............................................................................................
253 Defects in epiblast organization, gastrulation and mesoderm formation …

Smads2 and 3 transduce signals of TGF-β from the cell surface to the nucleus. We used
mice with a targeted deletion of Smad3 to study the specific contributions of this signaling …

During the past two decades, a significant amount of data has been accumulated revealing
the intriguing functions of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in all aspects of embryonic …