Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are one of the primary directions in the development of
modern high‐tech new materials, which are integrated with sensing, actuation, information …

Soft robotics aims to close the performance gap between built and biological machines
through materials design. Soft robots are constructed from soft, actuatable materials to be …

Typical techniques for creating synthetic morphing structures suffer from a compromise
between quick shape change and geometric complexity. A novel approach is proposed for …

The emergence of 4D printing from additive manufacturing has opened new frontiers in
crashworthiness application. Energy-absorbing structures with fixed geometrical shapes and …

Abstract 4D-printed intelligent metamaterials possess a multitude of potential applications in
the engineering fields due to their novel structures and functions. In this paper, a …

Strain engineering such as Kirigami design offers viable solutions for transforming rigid or
even non-stretchable materials into highly stretchable structures, thus providing new …

In recent years, innovations in 3D/4D printing techniques for continuous fiber-reinforced
polymer composites (CFRPCs) have opened new perspectives for the integrated design and …

Abstract 4D printing technology has garnered significant attention for its ability to reshape
3D printed structures under external stimuli over time. However, the 4D printing of pure …

The mechanical and shape-recovery characteristics of 4D-printed thermally responsive
shape-memory polyurethane (SMPU) reinforced with two types of reinforcements …

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) have gradually emerged in the mechanism and
biomedical fields and facilitate the upgrading of industrial mechanisms and the …