Cell-cell communication through evolutionarily conserved signaling pathways governs
embryonic development and adult tissue homeostasis. Deregulation of these signaling …

Background The hedgehog signaling pathway is normally tightly regulated. Mutations in
hedgehog pathway components may lead to abnormal activation. Aberrantly activated …

Antibodies targeting the programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-
L1) interaction have shown clinical activity in multiple cancer types. PD-L1 protein …

Purpose: The androgen receptor axis inhibitors (ARPI; eg, enzalutamide, abiraterone
acetate) are administered in daily practice for men with metastatic castration-resistant …

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) in prostate cancer (CaP) are regarded as major contributors to
radioresistance due to complex mechanisms including enhanced DNA repair, increased …

The Hedgehog/GLI signaling pathway plays an important role in normal embryonic tissue
development and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various human cancers. In this …

The Hedgehog pathway (HhP) plays an important role in normal embryonic development
and its abnormal function has been linked to a variety of neoplasms. Recently, the complex …

Stem cells differentiate into mature organ/tissue-specific cells at a steady pace under normal
conditions, but their growth can be accelerated during the process of tissue healing or in the …

Prostate cancer progression is significantly affected by its tumor microenvironment, in which
mesenchymal cells play a crucial role. Stromal cells are modified by cancer mutations …

Although recent advances in the treatment of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC)
have significantly improved patient outcomes, advanced prostate cancer is still associated …